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© 2026 Mark Jayson Nation

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IndicatorsGrowthR&D Expenditure -- China

R&D Expenditure -- China

World BankStored official data

Research and development expenditure as a share of GDP for China. Source: World Bank WDI.

Latest2.00%
YoY0.00%
10Y Avg1.94%
FrequencyAnnual

R&D Expenditure -- China time series chart. Showing observations from 2019 to 2023. Latest value 2%.

Min1.80%
Mean1.94%
Max2.00%
Latest obs2023
SourceWorld Bank
HistoryPlatform snapshot

Data record

Tier 1 - criticalWorld Development Indicators; primary global comparison source.Action: deepen nowExpected coverage: 400,000 series.
Source noteProvider health
SourceWorld Bank
World Bank Open Data
Native keyProvider-native identifier used to reconcile this country/provider series.
GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
FreshnessDisplayed as stored official data.The chart is using the platform's stored official snapshot while a fresh provider response is unavailable.Fetched: Not recorded.Latest observation flag: Preliminary.
Stored · 2023
HistoryMacro by Mark stores each successful current-value observation fetch as a platform-captured point-in-time snapshot from the fetch date forward.These snapshots are captured by Macro by Mark and are not source-native historical vintages. They can show what the platform captured after snapshotting began, not what the provider showed before that date.
Platform snapshot
ReuseCommercial use: yes, with attribution.Redistribution: allowed with attribution.Source: World Bank Open Data, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Accessed 2026-05-09. Attribution required; dataset-level exceptions may still apply.
Attribution allowed

Research notes

77 · Acceptable
ComparabilityReal, nominal, and chain measures are not interchangeable: Use real growth for cycle analysis, nominal levels for revenue/size questions, and PPP or per-capita variants for welfare comparisons.Seasonal-adjustment status needs attention: Prefer same-adjustment comparisons, or transform to year-over-year changes before cross-series comparison.Provider comparability note: Check provider dimensions, units, and methodological notes before using this series as a model input.
4 notes
QualitySource authority: 100/100. Source kind is classified as official multilateral.Methodology completeness: 100/100. 100% of core provider, geography, unit, frequency, citation, and revision fields are populated.Timeliness and freshness: 52/100. 5 observations available; latest observation 2023; release status none; data status fallbackRevision and vintage depth: 67/100. Macro by Mark stores each successful current-value observation fetch as a platform-captured point-in-time snapshot from the fetch date forward.
2/6 strong
CitationR&D Expenditure -- China (World Bank Indicators: GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS, China, retrieved May 9, 2026)
Retrieved May 9, 2026
Series details, provenance, and revision toolsFull metadata and supporting panels are kept here so the chart read stays focused.

Series details

SourceWorld Bank
CategoryGrowth
FrequencyAnnual
Unit% of GDP
Transformslevel, yoy, index 100
About this series

Research and development expenditure as a share of GDP for China. Source: World Bank WDI.

Data provenance

International organizationOpen with attribution
GeographyMulti-country series

Africa

NigeriaSouth Africa

Americas

ArgentinaBrazilCanadaMexico

Asia

ChinaIndiaIndonesiaJapanSouth KoreaTurkey

Europe

FranceGermanyItalyPolandSpainUnited Kingdom

Oceania

Australia